基本信息
| 标准名称： | 石油化工企业生产装置电信设计规范 |
| 英文名称： | Code for design of production plant telecommunications for petrochemical enterprises |
| 中标分类： |
电工 >>
电气照明 >>
电气照明综合 |
| 发布日期： | 1990-09-01 |
| 实施日期： | 1991-06-01 |
| 首发日期： | |
| 作废日期： | |
| 出版社： | 中国石化出版社 |
| 出版日期： | |
| 页数： | 13页 |
适用范围
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前言
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引用标准
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所属分类： 电工 电气照明 电气照明综合
【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforMeasuringExtremeHeat-TransferRatesfromHigh-EnergyEnvironmentsUsingaTransient,Null-PointCalorimeter
【原文标准名称】:用瞬变零点量热器测量高能环境的超级传热速率的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME598-2008
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2008
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E21.08
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:calorimeter;convective;heatflux;heatfluxgage;null-point;radiative;transienttemperature;Calorimeter--aerospaceapplications;Convectiveenergy;Extremeheattransferrates;Heatflux;Heatingtests--aerospacematerials;Heattransfer;Trans
【摘要】:Thepurposeofthistestmethodistomeasureextremelyhighheat-transferratestoabodyimmersedineitherastaticenvironmentorinahighvelocityfluidstream.Thisisusuallyaccomplishedwhilepreservingthestructuralintegrityofthemeasurementdeviceformultipleexposuresduringthemeasurementperiod.Heat-transferratesrangingupto2.84x00D7;102MW/m2(2.5x00D7;104Btu/ft2-sec)(7)havebeenmeasuredusingnull-pointcalorimeters.Useofcoppernull-pointcalorimetersprovidesameasuringsystemwithgoodresponsetimeandmaximumruntimetosensorburnout(orablation).Null-pointcalorimetersarenormallymadewithsensorbodydiametersof2.36mm(0.093in.)press-fittedintothenoseofanaxisymmetricmodel.Sourcesoferrorinvolvingthenull-pointcalorimeterinhighheat-fluxmeasurementapplicationsareextensivelydiscussedinRefs(3-7).Inparticular,ithasbeenshownbothanalyticallyandexperimentallythatthethicknessofthecopperabovethenull-pointcavityiscritical.Ifthethicknessistoogreat,thetimeresponseoftheinstrumentwillnotbefastenoughtopickupimportantflowcharacteristics.Ontheotherhand,ifthethicknessistoosmall,thenull-pointcalorimeterwillindicatesignificantlylarger(andtimedependent)valuesthantheinputorincidentheatflux.Therefore,allnull-pointcalorimetersshouldbeexperimentallycheckedforpropertimeresponseandcalibrationbeforetheyareused.Althoughacalibrationapparatusisnotverydifficultorexpensivetofabricate,thereisonlyoneknownsystempresentlyinexistence(6and7).Thedesignofnull-pointcalorimeterscanbeaccomplishedfromthedatainthisdocumentation.However,fabricationofthesesensorsisadifficulttask.Sincethereisnotpresentlyasignificantmarketfornull-pointcalorimeters,commercialsourcesofthesesensorsarefew.Fabricationdetailsaregenerallyregardedasproprietaryinformation.Someusershavedevelopedmethodstofabricatetheirownsensors(7).Itisgenerallyrecommendedthatthecustomershouldrequestthesuppliertoprovidebothtransientexperimentaltimeresponseandcalibrationdatawitheachnull-pointcalorimeter.Otherwise,theendusercannotassumethesensorwillgiveaccurateresults.Interpretationofresultsfromnull-pointcalorimeterswill,ingeneral,bethesameasforotherheat-fluxsensorsoperatingonthesemi-infinitesolidprinciplesuchascoaxialsurfacethermocouplesandplatinumthin-filmgages.Thatis,theeffectsofsurfacechemicalreactions,gradientsinthelocalflowandenergyfields,thermalradiation,andmodelalignmentrelativetotheflowfieldvectorwillproducethesamequalitativeresultsaswouldbeexperiencedwithothertypesofheatfluxsensors.Inaddition,signalconditioninganddataprocessingcansignificantlyinfluencetheinterpretationofnull-pointcalorimeterdata.1.1Thistestmethodcoversthemeasurementoftheheat-transferrateortheheatfluxtothesurfaceofasolidbody(testsample)usingthemeasuredtransienttemperatureriseofathermocouplelocatedatthenullpointofacalorimeterthatisinstalledinthebodyandisconfiguredtosimulateasemi-infinitesolid.Bydefinitionthenullpointisauniquepositionontheaxialcenterlineofadisturbedbodywhichexperiencesthesametransienttemperaturehistoryasthatonthesurfaceofasolidbodyintheabsenceofthephysicaldisturbance(hole)forthesameheat-fluxinput.1.2Null-pointcalorimetershavebeenusedtomeasurehighconvectiveorradiantheat-transferratestobodiesimmersedinbothflowingandstaticenvironme......
【中国标准分类号】:A54
【国际标准分类号】:17_200_10
【页数】:10P.;A4
【正文语种】:英语